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What is quartz?
Quartz, or Fused silica, is an amorphous (glassy state) of silicon oxide (quartz, silica). It is a typical glass whose atomic structure is long-range disordered. Its high service temperature and low coefficient of thermal expansion are provided by three-dimensional structural cross-links. Usually with high purity, its purity is better than other types of glass. Its manufacture is usually made by melting quartz crystals at high temperatures. Fused silica is widely used in telecommunications, optical instruments, semiconductor and electronic industries due to its excellent optical, thermal and mechanical properties.

Performance parameters of quartz glass
1. Refractive index: The refractive index is very high, and it has high transmittance in the ultraviolet band, visible light and near-infrared band. Its refractive index is between 1.45 and 1.47, which is the highest among common optical glasses.
2. Thermal expansion coefficient: The thermal expansion coefficient is low, and its linear expansion coefficient is 0.55 × 10 ^-6/℃ between 20 ℃ and 300 ℃. This low coefficient of expansion makes the quartz glass excellent in both the holding strength and the stability at high temperatures.
3. Chemical stability: It has excellent chemical stability, and its stability in chemically corrosive substances such as acids, bases and solvents is excellent. Due to this characteristic, fused silica glass is widely used in the fields of semiconductors, biomedicine and semiconductor processing.
4, mechanical properties: high hardness and good toughness, can withstand greater pressure and impact.

Manufacturing method of quartz
1. Raw material processing: natural quartz sand is processed by crushing, screening, washing and other processes to obtain raw materials with high purity and stability.
2. Smelting: Inductive heating or gas/oxygen flame heating is used to melt the quartz material. In order to obtain highly pure fused silica raw materials, the smelting process needs to be treated by filtration, degassing and de-ashing.
3, molding: fused quartz raw materials through molding, grinding, temperature treatment and other process steps, and finally made of various shapes and specifications of fused quartz products.

Refractive index of quartz
1.46

Quartz Uses
1. Optical fiber manufacturing: The key raw material for optical fiber used in telecommunications, its strength and high melting point make it an ideal material in optical fiber manufacturing.
2. Halogen lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps: Due to their high heat resistance and low expansion coefficient, they are used as housings for halogen lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps. They must work at higher housing temperatures to achieve high brightness and long life. Combination.
Chemical industry: Due to its chemical inertness and good corrosion resistance, it is also widely used in the chemical industry.
4, semiconductor and electronic industry: due to its high heat resistance and low expansion coefficient, can be used in the semiconductor manufacturing process of high temperature reaction chamber, photomask, crystal growth chamber and other parts of the manufacturing, but also can be used to manufacture high-precision optical components, semiconductor chip manufacturing equipment.
5. Deep diving utensils: Because of its strength and high temperature resistance, it is used for deep diving utensils, such as floating balls and chassis mirrors.

What is a cylindrical lens
It is a cylindrical lens with a cross-section of two arcs or a circular arc straight line, divided into biconvex, biconvex, plano-convex, plano-concave and crescent. It has two refracting spheres and is the simplest coaxial spherical system in the optical system. The cylindrical lens has a focal line parallel to the surface of the cylinder, and the distance between the focal line and the cylinder depends on the radius of curvature of the mirror and the refractive index of the glass.

cylindrical lens meridian
It refers to a line perpendicular to the cylinder axis (I. e., the axis of symmetry of the lens). In a cylindrical lens, no change in vergence occurs when light passes through a meridian.

cylindrical lens imaging characteristics
It is the distance at which the rays parallel to the axis of the lens converge at a point after passing through the lens. Unlike a spherical lens, the focal length of a cylindrical lens is not only related to the radius of curvature, but also to its axial length. Therefore, the focal length of a cylindrical lens is usually expressed in a functional form.
The curvature of a cylindrical lens refers to the degree of curvature of the lens surface. For a cylindrical lens, the curvature is the same, but the radius of curvature is different. The smaller the radius of curvature, the greater the degree of curvature of the lens, and the stronger the focusing ability.

A cylindrical lens is generally a lens used to focus incident light onto a line or to change the aspect ratio of an image. It is usually imaged linearly and can control the direction of the beam. A cylindrical lens has a cylindrical surface that allows incoming light to focus in a certain dimension and stretch the image. The focal length of the cylindrical mirror can be negative or positive, suitable for laser line generation or anamorphic beam shaping. For example, a point light spot is converted into a line spot, or the height of the image is changed without changing the image width. In addition, the material of the cylindrical lens is usually made of a transparent material such as optical glass or optical plastic, which has the advantages of high light transmittance, high refractive index and stability.