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Introduction to the elimination of chromatic aberration in optical glass
Release time:
2024-04-11 11:06
Achromatic (APOchromatic): It is conceivable that if the refractive index of a material can be arbitrarily controlled as a function of wavelength, then we can design a lens with no chromatic aberration at all. Unfortunately, the dispersion of the material cannot be controlled arbitrarily. We take a step back and imagine that if the visible light band can be divided into two intervals, blue-green and green-red, and these two intervals can be applied separately with achromatic technology, the secondary spectrum can be basically eliminated.
However, after calculation, it is proved that if the green light and red light are achromatic, then the blue light color difference will become very large; if the blue light and green light are achromatic, then the red light color difference will become very large. Theoretical calculations find a way for apochromatism, if the low refractive index material of the convex lens is exactly the same as the high refractive index material of the concave lens, then the chromatic aberration of the green light is just eliminated after the blue light and red light are achromatic.
This theory points out that the correct way to achieve apochromatism is to find a special optical material whose relative dispersion of blue light to red light should be very low, while the partial relative dispersion of blue light to green light should be very high and the same as some high dispersion material. Fluorite is such a special material, its dispersion is very low (Abbe number up to 95.3), and part of the relative dispersion and many optical glass close. Fluorite (I. e. calcium fluoride, molecular formula CaF2) refractive index is relatively low (ND = 1.4339), slightly soluble in water (0.0016g/100g water), processability and chemical stability is poor, but because of its excellent achromatic properties, making it a valuable optical material. Fluorite was first used only in microscopes. Since the artificial crystallization process of fluorite was realized, fluorite is almost an indispensable material in advanced ultra-telephoto lenses.
Because fluorite is expensive and difficult to process, optical companies have been sparing no effort to find a substitute for fluorite, and fluorine crown glass is one of them. The company's so-called AD glass, ED glass, UD glass, is often this kind of substitute.
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